LAKE NAKURU NATIONAL PARK
A spectacular bird paradise and rhino sanctuary in the Great Rift Valley
About Lake Nakuru
Lake Nakuru National Park, located in Kenya's Great Rift Valley, is renowned for its stunning alkaline lake and abundant birdlife, particularly the vast flocks of flamingos that historically lined the shores. The park was established in 1961 and covers an area of 188 square kilometers (73 square miles), with the lake itself occupying about a third of the park's area.
While famous for its flamingos, Lake Nakuru has evolved into one of Kenya's most important rhino sanctuaries, protecting both black and white rhino populations. The park is completely fenced, creating a safe haven for these endangered species and other wildlife. The diverse habitats within the park, from the lake shores to the surrounding woodlands and grasslands, support a wide variety of animals.
Lake Nakuru's water levels and chemistry have fluctuated significantly over the years due to changing rainfall patterns, deforestation in the surrounding catchment areas, and agricultural runoff. These changes have affected the algae that flamingos feed on, causing their numbers to vary. Despite these challenges, the park remains a vital conservation area and a popular safari destination.
Key Facts
Location
Central Kenya, 156 km northwest of Nairobi
Size
188 square kilometers (73 square miles)
Established
1961 (as a national park)
Altitude
1,754 meters (5,755 feet) above sea level
Wildlife in Lake Nakuru
Flamingos and Birds
Lake Nakuru is famous for its flamingos, both greater and lesser flamingos, which feed on the abundant algae in the alkaline lake. While their numbers fluctuate based on water conditions, the sight of thousands of pink flamingos lining the shore is spectacular. The park is also home to over 450 other bird species, including pelicans, cormorants, kingfishers, and eagles.
Rhinos
Lake Nakuru National Park is one of Kenya's most successful rhino sanctuaries, protecting both black and white rhino populations. The park's secure, fenced environment has allowed these endangered species to thrive. Visitors have a good chance of spotting rhinos, particularly in the open grassland areas.
Other Wildlife
Beyond birds and rhinos, Lake Nakuru supports a diverse range of wildlife. The park is home to lions, leopards, hippos, giraffes, buffaloes, and various antelope species including waterbuck, impala, and the rare Rothschild's giraffe. Large pythons can sometimes be seen in the dense woodlands, and the park has a healthy population of Colobus monkeys.
When to Visit
June to February
Dry Season
Best Wildlife Viewing
The dry season is the best time to visit Lake Nakuru for wildlife viewing. The vegetation is less dense, making animals easier to spot, and they gather around water sources. The weather is pleasant with clear skies, though it can get quite hot during the day. January and February are particularly good for bird watching.
March to May
Long Rains
Low Season
The long rainy season brings heavy rainfall, especially in April. The landscape is lush and beautiful, but wildlife viewing can be challenging as animals disperse and roads may become difficult to navigate. However, this is when the park is at its most verdant, and there are fewer tourists. Rates at lodges and camps are typically lower during this period.
November
Short Rains
Transitional Period
November typically sees short rains with occasional showers. The landscape begins to green, and there are fewer tourists. This is a transitional period with variable weather, but it can offer good value and still provides good wildlife viewing opportunities. The park is less crowded, and the afternoon showers rarely interfere with morning game drives.
Things to Do in Lake Nakuru
Game Drives
Game drives are the main activity in Lake Nakuru National Park. The park's relatively small size means you can explore most of it in a day. Early morning and late afternoon drives offer the best wildlife viewing, as animals are most active during these cooler hours. The park has well-maintained roads that circle the lake and traverse the surrounding woodlands and grasslands.
Bird Watching
With over 450 bird species, Lake Nakuru is a paradise for bird enthusiasts. While the flamingos are the star attraction, the park is home to numerous other water birds, raptors, and forest species. Bring binoculars and a bird guide to make the most of your bird watching experience. The best spots include the lake shores and the acacia woodlands.
Scenic Viewpoints
The park features several scenic viewpoints that offer panoramic views of the lake and surrounding landscapes. Baboon Cliff and Out of Africa viewpoint are particularly popular for their stunning vistas. These spots are perfect for photography and provide a different perspective on the park's beauty.
Photography
Lake Nakuru offers exceptional photographic opportunities, from the colorful flamingos to the diverse wildlife and scenic landscapes. The golden light of early morning and late afternoon creates perfect conditions for photography. The elevated viewpoints around the park provide excellent vantage points for landscape photography.
Picnic Sites
The park has several designated picnic sites where visitors can relax and enjoy a meal amid beautiful surroundings. These sites are equipped with tables and benches and offer a chance to take a break from game drives while still enjoying the park's atmosphere. Some picnic sites offer views of the lake or are situated in shady acacia groves.